Comparative study on domestic and foreign standards of copper tubes for refrigeration
Release time:2020-08-19Click:1242
By studying the domestic and foreign product standards of copper tubes for refrigeration, this paper compares and analyzes the core technical indicators of domestic and foreign copper tubes for refrigeration products, so as to provide reference for the improvement of the product standards of China's refrigeration copper tubes and boost the high-quality development of China's nonferrous metal processing industry.
Key words: copper tube for refrigeration; standard; comparative study
Source: CNKI
Author: Chen Zhuli, Jinze, Li Minghua, Qiu Shaojun
China is the largest copper producer and consumer in the world. In 2018, China's output reached 17.81 million tons, accounting for 67% of the world's total, including 1.69 million tons of copper plate, 1.85 million tons of copper strip, 2.78 million tons of copper tube materials, 2.44 million tons of copper bars, 430000 tons of copper foil, 7.95 million tons of copper wire, and other 670 thousand tons. The copper tube for refrigeration is a large variety in the copper tube industry, which is mainly used in household air conditioning, central air conditioning, refrigerator, industrial refrigerator and other products. Therefore, we take the refrigeration copper tube as an example, through the comparison and analysis of domestic and foreign advanced product standards, find the differences of similar product standards and quality, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to boost the high-quality development of China's nonferrous metal processing industry.
1. Analysis of domestic and foreign standard system of copper tubes for refrigeration
Compared with foreign standards, China's national standards have some differences in standard system, standard level, standard nature and formulation subject, as shown in the table
Table 1 Comparison of domestic and foreign standards for smooth copper tubes for refrigeration
Tab.1Domesticandforeignstandardcomparisontableofsmoothcopperpipeforrefrigeration
Comparison project | Chinese standard (GB) | Foreign standards | ||
USA (ASTM) | EU (EN) | Japan (JIS) | ||
Product standards | GB / t17791-2017 seamless copper and copper alloy tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment | Astmb280-2018 seamless copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment | En12735.1-2016 seamless round copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration of copper and copper alloys Part 1: Pipes for piping systems | Jish3300-2012 seamless copper pipe of copper and copper alloy |
En12735.2-2016 seamless round copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration of copper and copper alloys Part 2: tubes for equipment | ||||
Standard system | 1. Test method standard; | 1. Test method standard; | ||
2. Product standards; | 2. On the basis of the product standards, the acceptance requirements of the association and brand manufacturers are integrated. For example, Dajin air conditioner requires higher cleanliness of copper tubes for refrigeration than the product standard value, and additional test burst pressure is added; | |||
3. Personal safety standards and management measures related to environmental protection | 3. Personal safety standards and regulations related to environmental protection | |||
Standard level | Pay more attention to the quality related index of copper tube for refrigeration | It focuses on the low control line requirements of * *, but the internal control indicators of the enterprise are relatively strict. For example, Meile European copper pipe enterprises increase the control index of * * large working pressure on the basis of EU en12735 standard | ||
Standard nature | Based on the production-oriented standard, it provides the production technology basis for the enterprise from the perspective of guiding the production | Trade oriented standards are mainly formulated according to the end use of the product or the actual requirements of customers to meet the market demand | ||
Main body of formulation | Government led formulation | The government focuses on mandatory indicators such as environmental protection, and the rest are mainly dominated by industry associations and enterprises |
2. Comparison of standard technical indexes of domestic and foreign copper tubes for refrigeration
Copper tubes for refrigeration are mainly divided into two categories: smooth copper tubes for refrigeration (representative products are seamless copper and copper alloy tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment) and copper tubes with high heat transfer characteristics (representative products are seamless internal thread copper tubes).
2.1 smooth copper tubes for refrigeration
For plain copper tubes for general refrigeration, domestic enterprises mainly implement GB / T 17791-2017 seamless copper and copper alloy tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. The international standards include ASTM standard of American Society for testing and materials, EU en standard, Japanese Industrial JIS standard, etc. (Table 1). In terms of environmental protection, there are GB / T 26572-2011 "limit requirements for restricted substances in electronic and electrical products" and "management measures for the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products" in China, but they are not required to be enforced at present; the European Union has issued rohs2.0 "directive on the use of certain harmful ingredients in electronic and electrical equipment" and requires compulsory implementation.
In terms of specific standards and indicators, China's national standards and foreign standards have their own strengths (Table 2).
Table 2 Comparison of national standard GB with EU en, American ASTM and Japanese JIS standards
Table 2 Comparison of national standard GB with EU en, American ASTM and Japanese JIS standards | ||||||
Tab.2GB、EN、ASTMandJISstandardcomparisontable | ||||||
Comparison index | Chinese standard (GB) | European Union (EN) | USA (ASTM) | Japan (JIS) | ||
GB / t17791-2017 seamless copper and copper alloy tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment | En12735.1-2016 seamless round copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration of copper and copper alloys Part 1: Pipes for piping systems | En12735.2-2016 seamless round copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration of copper and copper alloys Part 2: tubes for equipment | Astmb280-2018 seamless copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment | Jish3300-2012 seamless copper pipe of copper and copper alloy | ||
Brand | TU00、TU0、TU1、TU2、T2、TP1、TP2、QSn0.5-0.025 | Cu-DHP或CW024A、CuFe2P | Cu-DHP或CW024A | C1020、C1200、C12200 | C1100、C1020、C1201、C1220、C2200、C2300、C2600 | |
mechanical property | tensile strength | H80≥315 | R290≥290 | R290≥290 | H58:≥250 | H≥315 |
Rm/MPa | H55:245~325 | R250≥250 | R250≥250 | O60:≥205 | 1/2H:245~325 | |
O60H:220~280 | R220≥220 | Y080≥220 | OL≥205 | |||
O50≥215 | Y040≥220 | O≥205 | ||||
O60≥205 | Y035≥210 | |||||
Specified plastic elongation strength | H80≥250 | No requirements | R290:- | No requirements | No requirements | |
RP0.2/MPa | H55≥120 | R250:- | ||||
O60H≥80 | Y080:80~140 | |||||
O50:40~90 | Y040:40~90 | |||||
O60:35~85 | Y035:35~80 | |||||
Elongation after fracture | O60H≥40 | R290≥3 | R290≥3 | H58≥40 | OL≥40 | |
A/% | O50≥40 | R250≥30 | R250≥30 | O≥40 | ||
O60≥43 | R220≥40 | Y080≥40 | ||||
Y040≥40 | ||||||
Y035≥40 | ||||||
Hardness (HV5) | No requirements | R290≥100 | R290≥100 | No requirements | H≥100 | |
R250:75~100 | R250:75~100 | 1/2H:70~110 | ||||
R220:40~70 | OL≤73 | |||||
O≤69 | ||||||
Process performance | Flaring test | 40% (outer diameter ≤ 20 mm) | 30% (OD ≤ 18) | 40% (outer diameter ≤ 20 mm) | 40% (outer diameter ≤ 19mm) | 40% (outer diameter ≤ 20 mm) |
30% (outer diameter > 20 mm) | 30%(外徑>20mm) | 30%(外徑>19mm) | 30%(外徑>20mm) | |||
Flattening test | 不應(yīng)產(chǎn)生肉眼可見裂紋和裂口 | No requirements | No requirements | No requirements | No requirements | |
Grain size | O50≤0.040 | No requirements | No requirements | ≤0.040 | OL≤0.040 | |
O60:0.015~0.060 | O:0.025~0.060 | |||||
Hydrogen embrittlement test | There should be no cracks on the outer surface after bending | No requirements | No requirements | No requirements | ||
After bending, the outer surface shall not | ||||||
Cracks appear | ||||||
Cleanliness / (mg / m2) | air conditioner: | ≤38 | ≤38 | ≤38 | Turbidity ≤ 2 degrees Chroma ≤ 5 degrees | |
Residual on inner surface: | ||||||
≤ 25 (outer diameter ≤ 15mm) | ||||||
≤ 38 (outer diameter > 15mm) | ||||||
Refrigerator: | ||||||
Internal surface residue ≤ 25 | ||||||
Less than 7 min | ||||||
Moisture ≤ 25 | ||||||
Chloride ion ≤ 0.2 | ||||||
Paraffin ≤ 0.5 |
(1) The coverage of indicators is more comprehensive. In addition to the lack of hardness index related to tensile strength, the national standard covers conventional indexes such as chemical composition, mechanical properties and overall dimension, and adds two items of flattening test and hydrogen embrittlement test, which enriches the evaluation method of pipe process performance and is more comprehensive than EU en standard and American ASTM standard.
(2) Some mechanical properties are more stringent. According to the national standard, the mechanical properties of copper tubes for refrigeration are more stringent, and the specified plastic elongation strength Rp0.2 is added. The tensile strength RM can be divided into five grades according to different metal states. The corresponding H80 tensile strength RM * * is 315n / m2, and the specified plastic elongation strength Rp0.2 * * is 250N / mm2. American ASTM standard and Japanese JIS standard RM are grade 2 and grade 4 respectively, and there is no requirement for specified plastic elongation strength Rp0.2.
(3) The requirement of cleanliness index is higher and finer. In order to prevent "dirty blockage" in the use of refrigeration equipment, the cleanliness of the inner wall of copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigerator refrigeration is specified in the national standard. It is stipulated that the total amount of residue on the inner surface of smooth copper pipe with small diameter (outer diameter ≤ 15mm) for air conditioning shall not exceed 2
(4) The number of harmful substances limit index is small and it is not required to be enforced. The domestic standard system only limits the six indicators of lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and does not require compulsory implementation. The rohs2.0 directive adds four phthalate plasticizer indexes compared with the domestic standard and requires compulsory implementation. When the copper pipe for refrigeration is matched with the plastic insulation sleeve, there is still a risk that it does not meet the rohs2.0 requirements, although there is a warranty provided by the insulation sleeve manufacturer. 2.2 seamless internal thread copper pipe seamless internal thread copper pipe is the copper pipe with spiral groove on the inner surface. Compared with the smooth tube with the same wall thickness and outer diameter, the inner surface area of copper tube can be increased by 65% ~ 100% and the heat exchange efficiency can be increased by 2 ~ 3 times. Because of its high efficiency of heat exchange, internally grooved copper tubes are used in air conditioners and refrigerators with high energy efficiency, low power consumption and small volume. When the national standard GB / t20928-2007 "seamless internal thread copper pipe" is formulated, its size and deviation mainly refer to the accuracy requirements of Japan Kobe, Sumitomo, Hitachi and other companies
3. Summary and Prospect
China's national standard GB / t17791-2017 has a wide range of application and comprehensive coverage indicators, which is applicable to the requirements of most seamless copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration. Some indicators such as cleanliness and mechanics are stricter. In terms of product standards, it is a relatively strict standard and has reached the international advanced level. However, China's standard system in the number of harmful substances limit index is small and does not require mandatory implementation, there is rohs2.0 risk, the risk of technical barriers to trade can not be ignored.
Standardization is the basic work of quality. In order to further deepen China's copper processing industry, we should strengthen the standard upgrading, integrate with the international market, formulate (revise) the product standards with advanced level in time, so that the products can be popularized and used in the market, and boost the high-quality development of China's nonferrous metal processing industry.
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